BACS align cooling and heating production with real demand and optimise energy resources

How important is regulation and control in tertiary buildings?

Regulation and control (R+C) is a fundamental element for the correct operation of HVAC systems in offices, hotels, hospitals, schools and retail spaces. Using BACS (Building Automation and Control Systems), we can ensure that buildings operate safely, efficiently and comfortably.

A BACS system aligns heating and cooling production with real demand, optimising the use of energy resources to maintains indoor air quality and reduce consumption and emissions. European regulations (EPBD) and the RITE also require the incorporation of automation and control systems as a key requirement to move towards zero-emissions buildings by 2050.

The AFEC Regulation and Control Working Group reminds us that R&C should be considered from the outset of any project, not just as a technical or legal obligation, but as an integral strategic tool for efficiency, sustainability and technological modernisation.

Why does smart control improve air conditioning?

Smart control, supported by BACS systems, transforms climate control into a dynamic and proactive system. It automatically adjusts temperature, flow and ventilation setpoints based on real occupancy levels, weather or building use; it allows interoperability between subsystems (HVAC, ventilation, lighting, renewables, security) thanks to open protocols such as BACnet, KNX or Modbus; it facilitates real-time monitoring and keeps a historical record of consumption, making it possible to detect deviations, anticipate faults and perform preventive and predictive maintenance. Ultimately, it provides flexibility and the ability to adapt to changes in the use of the building, maintaining user comfort and avoiding unnecessary consumption.

Here at AFEC we are convinced that a well-designed BACS turns air conditioning into an active instrument of energy efficiency, sustainability and comfort, key on the road to decarbonisation. 

Can you summarise the main technical recommendations for improving the efficiency, sustainability and interoperability of HVAC systems in offices, hotels, hospitals and other buildings in the tertiary sector?

Our document contains a set of recommendations applicable to the design, implementation and operation of HVAC systems in the tertiary sector. In terms of heat and cold production, dimension correctly, ensure operational safety and efficiency by means of heat recovery, inverters or multi-tube systems. In the hydraulic and air distribution network, design balanced networks, prioritise variable flow and use dynamically balanced motorised valves and select reliable and well-placed sensors. In terminal elements, define clear control loops, provide up-to-date documentation and train operating personnel.

In terms of the integration of third party signals into BACS, the recommendations are to identify and prioritise critical signals, establish open protocols (BACnet, KNX, Modbus, etc.), and ensure cybersecurity and scalability. For documentation and commissioning, it's important include complete wiring diagrams and an up-to-date operating memorandum defining control logic, operating sequences and maintenance criteria. In terms of efficiency and sustainability, monitoring energy consumption, promoting rational use of facilities, integrating renewable energies and ensuring continuous alignment between consumption and real demand.

In all cases, regulation and control systems are presented as the central interoperability platform that enables the integration, monitoring and optimisation of the various building subsystems. 

What other issues related to the development of buildings need to be taken into account?

Buildings are living systems that evolve over time. Correct regulation and control design is crucial, but only continuous monitoring through well-configured BACS, regular audits and updates of software and control strategies ensures that the installation remains efficient throughout its lifetime.

Monitoring should be understood not as a regulatory procedure, but as a strategic lever to digitise and modernise the building stock, align the buildings operation with the energy transition and improve the experience for users.

As part of our "Smart control, efficient air conditioning" campaign, the AFEC Regulation and Control Working Group brings together manufacturers, engineers, specifiers and installers and has drafted these recommendations precisely to support the sector in the correct implementation of BACS systems, facilitate compliance with the EPBD, and accelerating the transformation towards more efficient, sustainable and interoperable tertiary buildings.